TMJ pain is multifactorial, meaning caused by multiple factors.

Both men and women experience TMJ, though they can trend toward different causes. For example, more men tend to grind their teeth while more women tend to clench their teeth and jaw. Different nightguards are required for people who clench their teeth than those who grind their teeth.

Also, Botox for TMJ is usually prescribed to people who clench rather than grind. This means more women are prescribed Botox than men, though if a man is clenching his jaw it Botox may still be appropriate.